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Ab Initio
From the beginning
🔊 Pronunciation:
This contract is void ab initio
Abate
To put an end to
The provision of the act is now abated.
Abduct
To induce a person to go from any place by deceitful means.
A was abducted while coming back from work.
Abducting
To take away (especially a person) by fraud or force; to induce a person a person to go from any place, by force or deceitful means.
The court found the accused guilty of abducting the victim in violation of law.
Abet
To instigate or encourage the commision of a crime.
A abets B to kill C
Abeyance
A state of suspension
The law favours that property should not remain in abeyance.
Abolish
To put an end to.
The practice of Satipratha was abolished during the reign of Governor-General William Bentick.
Abridge
To make shorter; to diminish
The court decided to abridge the trial process by limiting the number of witnesses each party could call.
Abrogate
To abolish by official, authoritative or formal action; to annul a formal law by an act of the legislative power.
The court ruled that the government could not abrogate fundamental rights through executive orders.
Absconding person
A person against whom a warrant has been issued and has absconded so that such warrant cannot be executed.
The police are actively searching for the absconding person who failed to appear in court for his scheduled hearing.
Abstinence
The action or practice of abstaining
The court imposed a condition of abstinence from drugs as part of the defendant's bail terms.
Acceptance
The fact of realizing.
Acceptance must be absolute and unqualified to convert a proposal into a promise.
Accommodation
Anything which serves the need of residence.
The tenant and landlord entered into a formal agreement that provides the terms of the accommodation, ensuring compliance with local housing laws.
Accomplice
An associate in crime or guilt.
Conviction is not illegal merely because it proceeds upon the uncorroborated testimony of an accomplice.
Accusation
An allegation against a person that he has committed an offence.
Accusations against the accused were proved by the prosecution.
Accused
A person against whom an allegation has been made that she/he has committed an offence.
The accused was charged with the offence of murder.
Acquit
To set free from the charge of an offence after trial.
The court acquitted the accused as prosecution was not anle to prove the case beyond reasonable doubts.
Acquittal
The court's decision that a person is innocent of the crime they were charged with.
The case resulted in acquittal of the accused.
Actus reus
An act which is illegal
Actus reus refers to the physical act or conduct that constitutes a criminal offense, distinct from the individual's mental state or intent.
Adjournment
Defer proceeding to another day
Adjournment refers to the temporary suspension of legal proceedings or meetings to a later time or date.
Admissibility
Allowability as judicial proof, the quality of being admissible.
A judge decides the admissibility of Evidence.
Admissible
Capable on being allowed as judicial proof
Whoever issues or signs any certificate required by law to be given or signed, or relating to any fact of which such certificate is by law admissible in evidence.
Admission
A voluntary acknowledgement of the existence of a fact or the truth of an allegation made by a party in a dispute.
An admission is a statement which suggests any inference as to any fact in issue or relevant fact.
Admonition
A gentle reproof to a convict in lieu if punishment
The court can release offenders under S.3 of Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 after admonition
Adverse
Acting in contrary direction
The court passed an adverse order.
Advocate
One who is qualified to plead before the court of law.
The advocate applied for bail in Session's Court.
Advocate General
The Highest Law Officer of the states in India.
For a person to be appointed as Advocate General he must be qualified to be a judge of the High Court.
Affairs of family
Matters of interest or concern to the family.
The court stated that it would not intervene in the personal affairs of the family unless there was a clear violation of law.
Affidavit
A written statement in the name of a person, called the deponent by whom it is voluntarily signed and sworn to or affirmed.
The affidavit must be notarised for validity.
Affray
A fight, or argument or an instance of violent behaviour in a public place.
Punishment provided for the offence of affray is imprisonment of up to one month or a fine up to Rs 100.
Agency
A relationship between two parties in which one, the agent, represents the other, the principal, in day-to-day transactions.
No consideration is necessary to create an agency.
Agent
A person employed to do any act for another or to represent another in dealing with third person
The agent was employed by the principal.
Agnate
When two persons are related either by blood or adoption or wholly through males.
The property of a male Hindu dying intestate shall devolve upon the agnates of the deceased in the absence of class ll heirs.
Agreement
Every promise and every set of promises, forming the consideration for each other is agreement.
Every promise and every set of promises, forming the consideration for each other, is an agreement.
Alien
A foreigner.
Alien enemies residing in India may sue with the permission of the Central Government.
Alien enemy
A person owing allegiance to an adverse belligerent State; a person owing allegiance to a country which is at war with India.
The court ruled that the rights of the alien enemy were limited during times of war.
Alienate
To transfer one's interest to another.
The court found that the company's actions could alienate its stakeholders, undermining trust and breaching fiduciary duties.
Allegiance
The natural, lawful and faithful obedience that every subject owes to the sovereign or a citizen owes to the State and its Constitution.
Citizens are expected to pledge allegiance to their country, demonstrating their commitment to its values and principles.
Alteration
Modification or change.
ALteration in the maintenance allowance can be made under Section 127 of the Criminal Procedure Code.
Alternative Dispute Resolution
ALternative Dispute Resolution refers to any means of settling disputes outside of the courtroom.
Conciliation is a form of alternative dispute resolution mechanism.
Amalgamate
To merge into a single body.
The court approved the amalgamation of the two corporations, recognising that it would streamline operations and enhance competitive advantage.
Amalgamation
To merge into a single body.
The legal amalgamation of two companies required careful consideration of corporate governance and regulatory compliance.
Ambiguous
Open to more than one interpretation
The contract's ambiguous language led to a protracted legal dispute over its interpretation and enforcement.
Amendment
ANy alteration made or proposed by adding, deleting or substituting something.
The amendments to the constitution can be made under Article 368 of the Constitution of India.
Amicable
Friendly; done with mutual goodwill
The parties reached an amicable settlement, avoiding the need for a lengthy trial.
Ancestor
One from whom a person descends.
An ancestor's lineage up to 5 degrees from the father's side falls under the sapinda relationship.
Ancillary
Subservient, related and supplementary.
Ancillary Medical Serives would not be available for a term of one month.
Annoy
To affect so as to ruffle, trouble, vex.
The defendant's repeated failure to comply with court orders began to annoy the judge, prompting a warning of contempt of court proceedings.
Annuity
An amount specially of money payable yearly for a certain or uncertain period.
The lawyer adviced his client to estabilish an annuity as part of the estate plan to ensure a steady income stream for the beneficiary.
Anticipatory bail
Pre-arrest bail which means allowing an accused person to apply for bail before arrest.
The petitioner filed for an anticipatory bail to secure protection against arrest in connection with the alleged offence before any formal charges were filed.
Appeal
A proceeding taken before a superior court or authority for reversing or modifying decision of an inferior court.
A second appeal lies to the High Court in civil cases only on substantial questions of law.
Appearance
The action of appearing formally.
The party's pleader made an appearance before the court.
Appropriate Government
The Appropriate Government refers to either the Union Government or The State Government.
The appropriate government can commute the death sentence.
Arbitrary
Depending on will or pleasure, based on mere opinion or preference, hence capricious
The court ruling was deemed arbitrary and capricious.
Arbitration
Determination of a matter in dispute by Aribtrators. (Arbitration and Concillation Act, 1996)
The arbitration clause was added to the agreement by the parties.
Army
The national armed forces intented for military service on land.
Indian defence forces are divided into three parts viz Army, Navy and Air Force.
Arrear
That which remains unpaid
The arrears of rent were not paid.
Arrest
To seize someone, usually because they are suspected of committing a crime, and take them into custody.
The police moved swiftly to arrest the suspect after gathering sufficient evidence of his involvement in the crime.
Assault
Any willful attempt or threat to inflict injury upon the person of another, when coupled with an apparent present ability to do so.
Mere words are not punishable under assault under the Indian Penal Code, 1860.
Attached property
A property by the court for the purpose of execution.
The attached property was ordered to be sold by the court.
Attachment
The action fo attaching.
The court ordered the attachment of property of A.
Attorney General of India
The Attorney General of India is the Chief Legal Advisor of the Government of India.
For a person to be appointed as Attorney General of India, he must be qualified to be a judge of the Supreme Court.
Authority
A body entrusted with the right or power to do something.
The Delhi Development Authority revised its slum rehabilitation policy.
Bail
Temporary release from imprisonment on furnishing surety or security to appear for trial.
The court gave bail to the accused of a bailable offence.
Bailee
A person to whom goods are bailed
Bailee should take care of goods bailed as a man of ordinary prudence.
Bailment
Bailment is the delivery of goods by one person to another for some purpose, upon a contract that they shall, when the purpose is accompolished, be returned or otherwise disposed of according to the directions of the person delivering them.
In bailment, delivery of goods can be actual or constructive.
Bailor
One who delivers goods under bailment.
A bailor should disclose faults in goods bailed.
Balance of Convenience
The relative merits of the parties' case and the computation of loss suffered by the parties.
For grant of temporary injunction, the balance of convenience should lie in favour of the plaintiff.
Battery
This is thr name givem to the intentional application of force to a person without lawful justification, and corresponds to the offence known as the use od criminal force in the Indian Penal Code.
The defendant was charged with battery for unlawfully using physical force against the plaintiff without consent.
Beggary
The act of begging.
Under S.9 of the Uttar Pradesh Prohibition of Beggary Act, a police officer may arrest any person who is found begging.
Beneficial Enjoyment
Enjoyment in one's own right and for one's own benefit and not as a trustee.
An easement is a right which the owner possesses, as such, for the beneficial enjoyment of that land.
Bonafide
In good faith
For an act to fall under Section 81 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 it should be a Bonafide act.
Bond
A formal written agreement by which a person undertakes to perform a certain act.
Court may accept a bond by a surety only in lieu of a minor.
Bound by Law
Having a legal duty to do something.
🔊 Pronunciation:
A was not bound by law to pay the debt of B.
Breach
The act of failing to perform one's agreement, breaking one's word, or otherwise actively violating one's duty to other.
A contract made by a trustee in excess of his powers or in breach of trust cannot be specifically enforced.
Breach of Contract
A breach of contract occurs whenever a party to a contract fails to perform their promised obligations.
Court can award compensation for loss or damage caused by breach of contract.
Bribery
MEANING: The offer and acceptance of bribe.
USE: A person who accepts or agrees to accept bribe also comes under the ambit of bribery
Budget
A plan of how to spend an amount of money over a particular period of time.
Provisions of the budget are discussed under Article 112 of the Constitution of India.